Assessing the Impact of Air Pollutant Dispersion from the manufacture at Van Dien Fused Magnesium Phosphate Fertilizer Joint Stock Company on the Roadmap for Establishing Low Emission Zones in Hanoi

Abstract

This paper investigated and evaluated the dispersion of air pollutants generated from the ore pyrolysis process at the Van Dien Fused Magnesium Phosphate Fertilizer Joint Stock Company. It also analyzed technical conflicts regarding the roadmap for establishing a Low Emission Zones (LEZs) in Southern Hanoi. Based on multi-temporal modeling data from Quarter 3/2023 to Quarter 2/2024, the study identified the concentration ranges of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), Nitrogen Oxides (NO_x), Hydrogen Fluoride (HF), and Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) in urban spaces. The results showed that NO_x concentrations in the core emission area approached the maximum permissible limits of QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT, creating a significant burden on the background environment. Analysis of dispersion maps presented that in the weather conditions during Quarter 1, pollution plumes containing HF and SO₂ tended to migrate deep into the boundaries of the former Ha Dong District and Thanh Oai District. These are key areas designated for implementation of LEZs under Resolution 57/2025/NQ-HDND. The study asserted that the presence of point emission sources operating near permissible limits at the capital's gateway directly contradicted the clean air objectives of the Low Emission Zones (LEZs). Consequently, this paper proposed urgent measures based on Directive 19/CT-UBND (2025), encompassing dynamic manufacturing curtailment mechanisms and strategic relocation roadmaps to alleviate environmental pressure, thereby fostering a sustainable urban ecosystem.