Factors influencing BIM adoption in construction project management in the Mekong Delta based on the TOE framework

Abstract

Building Information Modeling (BIM) adoption in construction project management is influenced not only by technological readiness but also by organizational capacity and external environmental conditions. This study aims to assess the perceived factors influencing BIM adoption in civil and industrial construction project management in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, using the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 206 valid respondents, including clients, project management boards, design consultants, supervision consultants and contractors. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s Alpha reliability testing and mean score ranking. The results show that BIM adoption in the surveyed region remains at an early stage, with 66.0% of respondents reporting no BIM implementation and 34.0% indicating that their organizations are only exploring BIM. All TOE dimensions were perceived as highly influential. Environmental factors ranked first, followed by organizational and technological factors. The five highest-ranked sub-factors were client requirements, regional BIM ecosystem readiness, digital collaboration infrastructure, BIM regulations and standards, and competitive pressure. These findings indicate that, in the Mekong Delta, environmental and organizational conditions are perceived as more influential than technological characteristics alone. The study provides empirical evidence on BIM adoption in an emerging regional construction market and suggests that clients, policymakers and construction organizations should jointly promote BIM through clear requirements, standardized workflows, digital collaboration infrastructure and regional BIM capacity development.